It was March 31, 1873, at the Monday Evening Club in Hartford, Connecticut where a speaker named Mark Twain was there to deliver a speech on the recipients of the First Amendment, in this case the American Press.
The press has scoffed at religion till it has made scoffing popular. It has defended official criminals, on party pretexts, until it has created a United States Senate whose members are incapable of determining what crime against law and the dignity of their own body is, they are so morally blind.
The press has made light of dishonesty till we have as a result a Congress which contracts to work for a certain sum and then deliberately steals additional wages out of the public pocket and is pained and surprised that anybody should worry about a little thing like that.
A free press is more than free when it is licensed to say any infamous thing it chooses about a private or a public man, or advocate any outrageous doctrine it pleases. The public opinion which should hold it in bounds has itself degraded to its own level.
There are laws to protect the freedom of the press’s speech, but none to protect the people from the press.
and this truism,
Among us, the newspaper is a tremendous power. It can make or mar any man’s reputation.
It has perfect freedom to call the best man in the land a fraud and a thief, and he is destroyed beyond help. Whether [Insert Name] is a liar or not can never be ascertained now but he will rank as one till the day of his death for the newspapers have so doomed him.
In the newspapers of the West you can use the editorial voice in the editorial columns to defend any wretched and injurious dogma you please by paying a dollar a line for it.
That awful power, the public opinion of a nation, is created in America by a horde of ignorant, selfcomplacent simpletons who failed at ditching and shoemaking and fetched up in journalism on their way to the poorhouse.
RTWDT.
Nota Bene: The use of the word media by Mark Twain in the headline quote is correct. Its usage goes back into the mid-19th century at least.
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